By value or by instance?

kyno2alex

Thank you everyone for such a detailed explanation,
It's completely clear now.

saintfrosty

Perhaps the motivation for designers to use some engineering method is simple, but it is just a question of "natural". Designers didn't care about those computer terms at first.

The doubling or even tens of times improvement in system performance often lies in design changes, sublimation of business understanding, and not experience gained from dead computer concepts.